The rescue excavations carried out in Yenikapı within the scope of the Marmaray and Metro Projects have brought to light the Theodosius Harbor and rarely encountered archaeological remains. Among the new findings that push the history of Istanbul back 8000 years, a total of 37 shipwrecks dating to the 5th-11th centuries have become a rarely encountered group of finds. Within the scope of the book; the genus-species identifications of the timbers used in the construction of 27 ships that were unearthed by the Istanbul Archaeological Museums Directorate and studied by the Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Underwater Cultural Remains Conservation are discussed. The analyses in which over 3 thousand samples were examined were carried out by Prof. Dr. Ünal Akkemik at the Istanbul University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Botany. Of these ships, all of which date back to the Byzantine Period, those dating from the 5th-7th centuries were generally built with coniferous trees such as cypress and pine, while those dating from the 9th-11th centuries were built entirely with broad-leaved trees such as oak and chestnut. In the 11th and 12th centuries, both groups of trees were used. Wood identification findings have generally shown that there was a significant change from coniferous trees to broad-leaved trees in shipbuilding from the 5th to the 11th centuries. The examination of 27 shipwrecks dating back a long period of time has shed light on Byzantine shipbuilding techniques, while also creating a valuable database revealing changes in the use of wood. (Zeynep Kızıltan - Director of Istanbul Archaeological Museums)
213 pp, color figures, hardcover, English-Turkish bilingual.
Presentation
Preface
I. Introduction
II. Type/Species Identification Methods of Wood
1. Taking Samples
2. Ship Parts and Codes
3. Taking Sections
4. Making Genus/Species Identifications
III. Wood of Ships
1. Yenikapi 3 (YK3)
2. Yenikapi 6 (YK6)
3. Yenikapi 7 (YK7)
4. Yenikapi 8 (YK8)
5. Yenikapi 9 (YK9)
6. Yenikapi 10 (YK10)
7. Yenikapi 12 (YK12)
8. Yenikapi 13 (YK13)
9. Yenikapi 15 (YK15)
10. Yenikapi 16 (YK16)
11. Yenikapi 17 (YK17)
12. Yenikapi 18 (YK18)
13. Yenikapi 19 (YK19)
14. Yenikapi 20 (YK20)
15. Yenikapi 21 (YK21)
16. Yenikapi 22 (YK22)
17. Yenikapi 25 (YK25)
18. Yenikapi 26 (YK26)
19. Yenikapi 27 (YK27)
20. Yenikapi 28 (YK28)
21. Yenikapi 29 (YK29)
22. Yenikapi 30 (YK30)
23. Yenikapi 31 (YK31)
24. Yenikapi 32 (YK32)
25. Yenikapi 34 (YK34)
26. Yenikapi 35 (YK35)
27. Yenikapi 36 (YK36)
28. Evaluation of Diagnoses
IV. Properties of Wood Used in Ships
1. Coniferous Trees (Gymnosperms)
1.1. Abies L. (Fir)
1.2. Cedrus Trew. (Cedar)
1.3. Cupressus sempervirens L. (Mediterranean service)
1.4. Pinus L. (Pine)
2. Broadleaf Trees (Angiosperms)
2.1. Carpinus betulus L. (Horbeam)
2.2. Castanea sativa Mill. (Anatolian chestnut)
2.3. Fagus L. (Beech)
2.4. Fraxinus L. (Ash)
2.5. Juglans regia L. (Walnut)
2.6. Phillyrea latifolia (Akçakesme)
2.7. Platanus orientalis L. (Oriental plane tree)
2.8. Populus L. (Poplar)
2.9. Quercus L. (Oak)
2.10. Spartium junceum L. (Genesnake)
2.11. Ulmus L. (Karaağaç)
V. Periodic Changes in Wood Use
1. Evaluation of Ship Parts According to Periods
1.1. Coating
1.2. Farsh
1.3. Spine
1.4. Curve System
1.5. Wooden Nail
2. Comparison of the Durability of the Wood Material Used
VI. Possible Places of Construction of Ships
VII. Repair Traces and Evaluation
Source
Index
Latin Index
